Vault-13

VERMILION ENERGY INC VET

COM · Common Stock · CUSIP 923725105

154 institutional holders +27 vs Q3 2025
74,200,53374.2m shares reported held*
48.5% of all shares outstanding*
$618.2mreported value*
35 new 57 added 43 reduced 11 sold out net bought ≈ $54.7m (+6.6m shares)

* Summed across managers. Shares that two managers' reports both contain – a subsidiary's holdings that its parent's report includes too, or a sub-adviser's in its client's – are counted once ($1.0m this quarter). Holder counts are more reliable. Shares outstanding: 152.9m as of 2025-12-31, from the company's own SEC filing; the percentage can still exceed 100%: lent-out shares are counted by the lender and the buyer, and some reports overlap without saying so. Implied quarter-end price ≈ $8.33. Options: 11 managers hold calls ($23.0m notional), 12 hold puts ($36.6m).

Trends to Q4 2025

Institutional holders

Managers reporting a position, each quarter

0100200Q3 22: 169Q4 22: 162Q1 23: 160Q2 23: 155Q3 23: 172Q4 23: 177Q1 24: 163Q2 24: 157Q3 24: 149Q4 24: 160Q1 25: 155Q2 25: 140Q3 25: 127Q4 25: 154154Q3 22Q2 23Q1 24Q4 24Q4 25
Numbers
QuarterHolders
Q3 2022169
Q4 2022162
Q1 2023160
Q2 2023155
Q3 2023172
Q4 2023177
Q1 2024163
Q2 2024157
Q3 2024149
Q4 2024160
Q1 2025155
Q2 2025140
Q3 2025127
Q4 2025154

Buyers vs sellers

Managers adding to or starting a position, vs cutting or selling out

Bought or addedCut or sold out
1000100Q1 24: 79 bought or addedQ1 24: 91 cut or sold outQ2 24: 76 bought or addedQ2 24: 76 cut or sold outQ2 24Q3 24: 65 bought or addedQ3 24: 80 cut or sold outQ4 24: 90 bought or addedQ4 24: 71 cut or sold outQ4 24Q1 25: 77 bought or addedQ1 25: 83 cut or sold outQ2 25: 72 bought or addedQ2 25: 76 cut or sold outQ2 25Q3 25: 63 bought or addedQ3 25: 72 cut or sold outQ4 25: 92 bought or addedQ4 25: 54 cut or sold outQ4 25
Numbers
QuarterBought or addedCut or sold out
Q1 20247991
Q2 20247676
Q3 20246580
Q4 20249071
Q1 20257783
Q2 20257276
Q3 20256372
Q4 20259254

Calls vs puts

Options held, notional value, last 4 quarters. P/C = puts ÷ calls

CallsPuts
$0$10m$20m$30m$40mQ1 25 calls: $16.2mQ1 25 puts: $16.1mQ1 25P/C 1.00Q2 25 calls: $18.1mQ2 25 puts: $14.3mQ2 25P/C 0.79Q3 25 calls: $20.6mQ3 25 puts: $16.9mQ3 25P/C 0.82Q4 25 calls: $23.0mQ4 25 puts: $36.6mQ4 25P/C 1.59
Numbers
QuarterCallsPutsP/C
Q1 2025$16.2m$16.1m1.00
Q2 2025$18.1m$14.3m0.79
Q3 2025$20.6m$16.9m0.82
Q4 2025$23.0m$36.6m1.59

Biggest buyers

UBS Group AG Added +3,029,328+3.0m
MACKENZIE FINANCIAL CORP Added +1,795,636+1.8m
LM Asset Management Inc. Added +830,600+830.6k
TWO SIGMA INVESTMENTS, LP Added +802,578+802.6k
MORGAN STANLEY Added +795,626+795.6k
CITADEL ADVISORS LLC Added +761,380+761.4k
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC Added +685,388+685.4k
AEGIS FINANCIAL CORP Added +450,000+450.0k
SIG North Trading, ULC Added +414,532+414.5k
JANE STREET GROUP, LLC Added +404,502+404.5k

Biggest sellers

MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLC Reduced -2,771,983-2.8m
ROYAL BANK OF CANADA Reduced -1,956,961-2.0m
JPMORGAN CHASE & CO Reduced -408,601-408.6k
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC Sold out -279,901-279.9k
Connor, Clark & Lunn Investment Management Ltd. Reduced -237,922-237.9k
SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LLP Reduced -196,214-196.2k
TWO SIGMA ADVISERS, LP Reduced -163,800-163.8k
Aigen Investment Management, LP Sold out -113,843-113.8k
NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA /FI/ Reduced -111,697-111.7k
RENAISSANCE TECHNOLOGIES LLC Reduced -108,800-108.8k

Biggest calls

SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LLP Added $5.0m596.7k shares
GROUP ONE TRADING LLC Added $4.7m558.8k shares
CITADEL ADVISORS LLC Added $3.8m455.6k shares
D. E. Shaw & Co., Inc. Unchanged $2.2m270.0k shares
NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA /FI/ Added $2.1m2.5k shares
SIMPLEX TRADING, LLC Reduced $1.9m227.0k shares
IMC-Chicago, LLC Added $1.3m156.9k shares
JANE STREET GROUP, LLC Added $782.3k94.0k shares
SIG North Trading, ULC Added $740.6k88.8k shares
TORONTO DOMINION BANK Added $438.5k52.7k shares

Biggest puts

SIG North Trading, ULC Added $24.2m2.9m shares
D. E. Shaw & Co., Inc. Unchanged $4.1m490.0k shares
CITADEL ADVISORS LLC Added $1.6m196.5k shares
GROUP ONE TRADING LLC Added $1.4m171.3k shares
CIBC WORLD MARKET INC. Reduced $1.1m128.9k shares
SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LLP Reduced $1.0m123.5k shares
TORONTO DOMINION BANK Added $782.1k94.0k shares
NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA /FI/ Added $754.6k907 shares
IMC-Chicago, LLC Reduced $749.8k89.9k shares
SIMPLEX TRADING, LLC Reduced $477.0k57.2k shares

Options at notional value: the value of the shares the contracts control, as filers report them, not what the options cost. Not included in the holders, shares or buying above.

Major shareholders (over 5%)

Anyone who owns more than 5% of a class of the company's shares has to say so: on Schedule 13D if they may try to influence or control the company, on 13G if they're a passive investor, and update it as the stake changes. Each holder's latest filing, from 19 Dec 2024 on; percentages are of the share class, as the holder worked them out.

HolderStakeChangeShares Last filed
BlackRock, Inc. 13G · institution -2.2 pts · filed 2026-07-30 5.4% -2.2 pts 8.3m≈ $77.9m 2026-07-30

Fell to 5% or below in the last year: AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC (3.4%, 2026-05-15), MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLC (3.6%, 2026-02-13)

Insider purchases and sales in Q4 2025

Shares bought or sold by the company's own officers, directors and 10% owners, in the open market or privately, as they reported to the SEC on Form 4 (due within two business days of the trade). Grants, option exercises, shares withheld for tax and gifts aren't included.

None reported in Q4 2025.

Holders, Q4 2025

#ManagerLocationShares Value% of their portfolioChangeShares change
1 AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC 0.02% of their portfolio MINNEAPOLIS, MN 8,197,5068.2m $68.4m $68.4m 0.02% Added +685.4k +685,388
2 VANGUARD GROUP INC 0.00% of their portfolio Valley Forge, PA 6,731,4036.7m $56.0m $56.0m 0.00% Added +73.2k +73,242
3 UBS Group AG 0.01% of their portfolio ZURICH, V8 5,592,8905.6m $46.6m $46.6m 0.01% Added +3.0m +3,029,328
4 MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLC 0.03% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 5,442,2785.4m $45.3m $45.3m 0.03% Reduced -2.8m -2,771,983
5 MORGAN STANLEY 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 4,028,4334.0m $33.6m $33.6m 0.00% Added +795.6k +795,626
6 AMERICAN CENTURY COMPANIES INC 0.02% of their portfolio KANSAS CITY, MO 3,926,6663.9m $32.7m $32.7m 0.02% Added +63.6k +63,565
7 LM Asset Management Inc. 25.16% of their portfolio VANCOUVER, A1 3,772,6003.8m $31.4m $31.4m 25.16% Added +830.6k +830,600
8 DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LP 0.01% of their portfolio AUSTIN, TX 3,382,5873.4m $28.2m $28.2m 0.01% Added +280.0k +279,953
9 MACKENZIE FINANCIAL CORP 0.03% of their portfolio TORONTO ONTARIO, A6 3,174,2613.2m $26.5m $26.5m 0.03% Added +1.8m +1,795,636
10 BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA 0.03% of their portfolio TORONTO, A6 2,266,4052.3m $18.9m $18.9m 0.03% Added +21.2k +21,231
11 NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA /FI/ 0.02% of their portfolio MONTREAL, A8 1,801,4561.8m $15.0m $15.0m 0.02% Reduced -111.7k -111,697
12 BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/ 0.00% of their portfolio CHARLOTTE, NC 1,496,7281.5m $12.5m $12.5m 0.00% Added +97.3k +97,284
13 TWO SIGMA INVESTMENTS, LP 0.02% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 1,369,2271.4m $11.4m $11.4m 0.02% Added +802.6k +802,578
14 AEGIS FINANCIAL CORP 2.62% of their portfolio MC LEAN, VA 1,320,4921.3m $11.0m $11.0m 2.62% Added +450.0k +450,000
15 CITADEL ADVISORS LLC 0.01% of their portfolio MIAMI, FL 1,097,3831.1m $9.2m $9.2m 0.01% Added +761.4k +761,380
16 INTACT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC. 0.26% of their portfolio MONTREAL, A8 1,089,1001.1m $9.1m $9.1m 0.26% Added +8.6k +8,600
17 CHARLES SCHWAB INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC 0.00% of their portfolio SAN FRANCISCO, CA 943,900943.9k $7.9m $7.9m 0.00% Added +22.2k +22,249
18 SIG North Trading, ULC 1.35% of their portfolio Bala Cynwyd, PA 922,829922.8k $7.7m $7.7m 1.35% Added +414.5k +414,532
19 ROYCE & ASSOCIATES LP 0.07% of their portfolio New York, NY 875,980876.0k $7.3m $7.3m 0.07% Reduced -76.5k -76,500
20 Connor, Clark & Lunn Investment Management Ltd. 0.02% of their portfolio VANCOUVER, A1 852,135852.1k $7.1m $7.1m 0.02% Reduced -237.9k -237,922
21 BANK OF MONTREAL /CAN/ 0.00% of their portfolio TORONTO, A6 749,681749.7k $6.2m $6.2m 0.00% Added +117.6k +117,563
22 TWO SIGMA ADVISERS, LP 0.01% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 697,176697.2k $5.8m $5.8m 0.01% Reduced -163.8k -163,800
23 VOLORIDGE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC 0.02% of their portfolio JUPITER, FL 695,460695.5k $5.8m $5.8m 0.02% Added +120.3k +120,319
24 FIRST TRUST ADVISORS LP 0.00% of their portfolio Wheaton, IL 693,763693.8k $5.8m $5.8m 0.00% Added +126.2k +126,210
25 JPMORGAN CHASE & CO 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 599,671599.7k $5.0m $5.0m 0.00% Reduced -408.6k -408,601
26 JANE STREET GROUP, LLC 0.01% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 577,596577.6k $4.8m $4.8m 0.01% Added +404.5k +404,502
27 GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 501,275501.3k $4.2m $4.2m 0.00% Reduced -6.1k -6,121
28 TD Asset Management Inc 0.00% of their portfolio Toronto, A6 489,855489.9k $4.1m $4.1m 0.00% Added +14.8k +14,760
29 Quadrature Capital Ltd 0.04% of their portfolio LONDON, X0 476,878476.9k $4.0m $4.0m 0.04% Added +306.2k +306,178
30 JUPITER ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD 0.03% of their portfolio London, X0 402,315402.3k $3.4m $3.4m 0.03% Unchanged
31 Vontobel Holding Ltd. 0.01% of their portfolio ZURICH, V8 363,000363.0k $3.0m $3.0m 0.01% Added +146.0k +146,000
32 Trexquant Investment LP 0.03% of their portfolio STAMFORD, CT 338,992339.0k $2.8m $2.8m 0.03% Added +172.2k +172,150
33 OPPENHEIMER & CO INC 0.04% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 318,449318.4k $2.7m $2.7m 0.04% New
34 Swiss National Bank 0.00% of their portfolio ZURICH, V8 304,567304.6k $2.5m $2.5m 0.00% Added +7.5k +7,500
35 D. E. Shaw & Co., Inc. 0.00% of their portfolio New York, NY 303,151303.2k $2.5m $2.5m 0.00% Reduced -44.8k -44,841
36 CIBC WORLD MARKET INC. 0.00% of their portfolio TORONTO, A6 299,668299.7k $2.5m $2.5m 0.00% Reduced -54.4k -54,416
37 Numerai GP LLC 0.30% of their portfolio SAN FRANCISCO, CA 294,521294.5k $2.5m $2.5m 0.30% Added +138 +138
38 FLAX POND CAPITAL, LLC 1.79% of their portfolio MERION STATION, PA 288,700288.7k $2.4m $2.4m 1.79% First filing
39 Spark Investment Management LLC 5.74% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 277,000277.0k $2.3m $2.3m 5.74% New
40 Voleon Capital Management LP 0.05% of their portfolio BERKELEY, CA 273,845273.8k $2.3m $2.3m 0.05% Added +173.3k +173,294
41 Arbiter Partners Capital Management LLC 1.20% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 266,738266.7k $2.2m $2.2m 1.20% Added +16.5k +16,503
42 Drum Hill Capital, LLC 2.27% of their portfolio WESTPORT, CT 261,583261.6k $2.2m $2.2m 2.27% Reduced -48.5k -48,460
43 PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF OHIO 0.01% of their portfolio COLUMBUS, OH 254,312254.3k $2.1m $2.1m 0.01% Added +3.9k +3,908
44 Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corp 0.00% of their portfolio TOKYO, M0 240,928240.9k $2.0m $2.0m 0.00% Reduced -4.3k -4,300
45 Quantbot Technologies LP 0.06% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 227,986228.0k $1.9m $1.9m 0.06% Added +71.4k +71,365
46 MANUFACTURERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE 0.00% of their portfolio Toronto, A6 224,639224.6k $1.9m $1.9m 0.00% Reduced -101.1k -101,078
47 SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LLP 0.00% of their portfolio BALA CYNWYD, PA 220,483220.5k $1.8m $1.8m 0.00% Reduced -196.2k -196,214
48 Penbrook Management LLC 1.14% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 197,825197.8k $1.6m $1.6m 1.14% Added +18.2k +18,250
49 TORONTO DOMINION BANK 0.00% of their portfolio TORONTO, ONTARIO, A6 192,944192.9k $1.6m $1.6m 0.00% Added +171.7k +171,725
50 Janney Montgomery Scott LLC 0.00% of their portfolio PHILADELPHIA, PA 184,483184.5k $1.5m $1.5m 0.00% Added +30.6k +30,570
51 Legal & General Group Plc 0.00% of their portfolio London, X0 166,960167.0k $1.4m $1.4m 0.00% Reduced -32.2k -32,243
52 Stratos Wealth Partners, LTD. 0.02% of their portfolio BEACHWOOD, OH 165,848165.8k $1.4m $1.4m 0.02% Added +60 +60
53 CITIGROUP INC 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 164,316164.3k $1.4m $1.4m 0.00% Reduced -11.9k -11,888
54 ROYAL BANK OF CANADA 0.00% of their portfolio TORONTO, A6 145,861145.9k $1.2m $1.2m 0.00% Reduced -2.0m -1,956,961
55 CIBC Asset Management Inc 0.00% of their portfolio TORONTO, Z4 144,324144.3k $1.2m $1.2m 0.00% Added +13.5k +13,496
56 Federation des caisses Desjardins du Quebec 0.00% of their portfolio LEVIS, A8 143,277143.3k $1.2m $1.2m 0.00% Reduced -6.4k -6,424
57 Verition Fund Management LLC 0.01% of their portfolio GREENWICH, CT 139,174139.2k $1.2m $1.2m 0.01% New
58 Focus Partners Wealth 0.00% of their portfolio ST LOUIS, MO 137,500137.5k $1.1m $1.1m 0.00% Added +2.0k +2,000
59 Clear Harbor Asset Management, LLC 0.07% of their portfolio Stamford, CT 131,201131.2k $1.1m $1.1m 0.07% Added +750 +750
60 Vigil Wealth Management, LLC 0.90% of their portfolio PONTE VEDRA BEACH, FL 130,000130.0k $1.1m $1.1m 0.90% First filing
61 WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT GROUP LLP 0.00% of their portfolio Boston, MA 127,562127.6k $1.1m $1.1m 0.00% New
62 Pekin Hardy Strauss, Inc. 0.09% of their portfolio CHICAGO, IL 122,375122.4k $1.0m $1.0m 0.09% Added +26.0k +26,000
63 Nuveen, LLC 0.00% of their portfolio CHARLOTTE, NC 121,343121.3k $1.0m $1.0m 0.00% Unchanged
64 CANADA PENSION PLAN INVESTMENT BOARD 0.00% of their portfolio TORONTO ONTARIO, A6 117,728117.7k $979.5k $979.5k 0.00% Unchanged
65 RENAISSANCE TECHNOLOGIES LLC 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 109,300109.3k $911.6k $911.6k 0.00% Reduced -108.8k -108,800
66 GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC 0.00% of their portfolio BOSTON, MA 107,657107.7k $916.5k $916.5k 0.00% Added +9.1k +9,140
67 ARGA Investment Management, LP 0.02% of their portfolio STAMFORD, CT 105,369105.4k $876.6k $876.6k 0.02% Unchanged
68 Tactive Advisors, LLC 0.26% of their portfolio Jacksonville, FL 104,543104.5k $871.9k $871.9k 0.26% Reduced -2.8k -2,759
69 SUMMIT SECURITIES GROUP LLC 0.15% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 98,70098.7k $823.2k $823.2k 0.15% New
70 Invesco Ltd. 0.00% of their portfolio ATLANTA, GA 93,69493.7k $781.4k $781.4k 0.00% Added +5.4k +5,359
71 COMMONWEALTH EQUITY SERVICES, LLC 0.00% of their portfolio WALTHAM, MA 92,93092.9k $775.0k $775.0k 0.00% New
72 Man Group plc 0.00% of their portfolio LONDON, X0 83,18783.2k $693.8k $693.8k 0.00% New
73 BNP PARIBAS FINANCIAL MARKETS 0.00% of their portfolio PARIS, I0 82,43082.4k $687.5k $687.5k 0.00% Added +53.6k +53,596
74 BRITISH COLUMBIA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT Corp 0.00% of their portfolio VICTORIA, A1 81,82581.8k $680.8k $680.8k 0.00% Reduced -8.0k -8,025
75 CoreCommodity Management, LLC 0.14% of their portfolio STAMFORD, CT 81,68781.7k $680.2k $680.2k 0.14% Reduced -15.8k -15,768
76 ALBERT D MASON INC 0.45% of their portfolio BOSTON, MA 81,65781.7k $681.0k $681.0k 0.45% Reduced -401 -401
77 Schonfeld Strategic Advisors LLC 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 77,10277.1k $643.0k $643.0k 0.00% New
78 Qube Research & Technologies Ltd 0.00% of their portfolio LONDON, X0 76,69276.7k $639.6k $639.6k 0.00% New
79 PDT Partners, LLC 0.04% of their portfolio New York, NY 74,48674.5k $621.2k $621.2k 0.04% Added +37.3k +37,303
80 RENAISSANCE GROUP LLC 0.02% of their portfolio Covington, KY 74,34374.3k $620.0k $620.0k 0.02% Reduced -15.0k -14,956
81 Vanguard Personalized Indexing Management, LLC 0.01% of their portfolio OAKLAND, CA 70,83270.8k $590.7k $590.7k 0.01% Added +7.0k +6,958
82 Cumberland Partners Ltd 0.03% of their portfolio TORONTO, A6 67,31367.3k $560.7k $560.7k 0.03% New
83 SG Americas Securities, LLC 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 66,74766.7k $557.0k $557.0k 0.00% Added +36.8k +36,755
84 SUSQUEHANNA FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENTS, LLC 0.02% of their portfolio BALA CYNWYD, PA 63,90063.9k $532.9k $532.9k 0.02% Reduced -38.2k -38,200
85 IMC-Chicago, LLC 0.01% of their portfolio CHICAGO, IL 63,83963.8k $532.4k $532.4k 0.01% Reduced -3.5k -3,510
86 OSAIC HOLDINGS, INC. 0.00% of their portfolio SCOTTSDALE, AZ 62,97963.0k $524.8k $524.8k 0.00% Added +1.9k +1,950
87 Zurcher Kantonalbank (Zurich Cantonalbank) 0.00% of their portfolio ZURICH, V8 56,12656.1k $467.6k $467.6k 0.00% Reduced -20.1k -20,113
88 XTX Topco Ltd 0.01% of their portfolio LONDON, X0 53,66453.7k $447.6k $447.6k 0.01% New
89 Russell Investments Group, Ltd. 0.00% of their portfolio Seattle, WA 50,50550.5k $420.9k $420.9k 0.00% Reduced -12.5k -12,516
90 Dynamic Technology Lab Private Ltd 0.08% of their portfolio SINGAPORE, U0 44,54544.5k $372.0k $372.0k 0.08% New
91 Vident Advisory, LLC 0.00% of their portfolio Alpharetta, GA 43,81843.8k $365.4k $365.4k 0.00% Reduced -3.8k -3,752
92 TD Waterhouse Canada Inc. 0.00% of their portfolio TORONTO, A6 43,47643.5k $361.1k $361.1k 0.00% Reduced -6.8k -6,800
93 AQR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC 0.00% of their portfolio Greenwich, CT 36,85136.9k $306.6k $306.6k 0.00% New
94 CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE Co 0.00% of their portfolio WINNIPEG, A2 36,48636.5k $304.0k $304.0k 0.00% Unchanged
95 Savant Capital, LLC 0.00% of their portfolio ROCKFORD, IL 35,23535.2k $293.9k $293.9k 0.00% Added +22.4k +22,435
96 Engineers Gate Manager LP 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 32,13332.1k $268.0k $268.0k 0.00% Reduced -19.1k -19,144
97 Hilltop National Bank 0.06% of their portfolio CASPER, WY 31,73031.7k $264.6k $264.6k 0.06% Added +1.7k +1,720
98 DEUTSCHE BANK AG\ 0.00% of their portfolio FRANKFURT AM MAIN, 2M 31,49231.5k $262.6k $262.6k 0.00% Reduced -9.5k -9,474
99 ALGERT GLOBAL LLC 0.00% of their portfolio SAN FRANCISCO, CA 31,39231.4k $261.5k $261.5k 0.00% New
100 SCOTIA CAPITAL INC. 0.00% of their portfolio TORONTO, A6 29,97430.0k $249.0k $249.0k 0.00% Reduced -23.1k -23,149