Vault-13

RESEARCH FRONTIERS INC REFR

COM · Common Stock · CUSIP 760911107

32 institutional holders -1 vs Q4 2022
3,753,5353.8m shares reported held*
11.2% of all shares outstanding*
$6.4mreported value*
2 new 7 added 5 reduced 3 sold out net bought ≈ $1.6m (+914.2k shares)

* Summed across managers. Shares that two managers' reports both contain – a subsidiary's holdings that its parent's report includes too, or a sub-adviser's in its client's – are counted once. Holder counts are more reliable. Shares outstanding: 33.5m as of 2023-03-09, from the company's own SEC filing; the percentage can still exceed 100%: lent-out shares are counted by the lender and the buyer, and some reports overlap without saying so. Implied quarter-end price ≈ $1.71. Options: 3 managers hold calls ($69.6k notional), 1 hold puts ($0).

Trends to Q1 2023

Institutional holders

Managers reporting a position, each quarter

02040Q3 22: 27Q4 22: 33Q1 23: 3232Q3 22Q4 22Q1 23
Numbers
QuarterHolders
Q3 202227
Q4 202233
Q1 202332

Buyers vs sellers

Managers adding to or starting a position, vs cutting or selling out

Bought or addedCut or sold out
20020Q4 22: 12 bought or addedQ4 22: 6 cut or sold outQ4 22Q1 23: 9 bought or addedQ1 23: 8 cut or sold outQ1 23
Numbers
QuarterBought or addedCut or sold out
Q4 2022126
Q1 202398

Calls vs puts

Options held, notional value, last 4 quarters. P/C = puts ÷ calls

CallsPuts
$0$50k$100k$150kQ3 22 calls: $128.0kQ3 22 puts: $16.0kQ3 22P/C 0.12Q4 22 calls: $26.2kQ4 22 puts: $0Q4 22P/C 0.00Q1 23 calls: $69.6kQ1 23 puts: $0Q1 23P/C 0.00
Numbers
QuarterCallsPutsP/C
Q3 2022$128.0k$16.0k0.12
Q4 2022$26.2k$00.00
Q1 2023$69.6k$00.00

Biggest buyers

WR Wealth Planners, LLC New +948,038+948.0k
Benedetti & Gucer, Inc. New +31,168+31.2k
MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLC Added +13,753+13.8k
MORGAN STANLEY Added +10,000+10.0k
NORTHERN TRUST CORP Added +4,276+4.3k
CITADEL ADVISORS LLC Added +2,781+2.8k
SHUFRO ROSE & CO LLC Added +2,500+2.5k
BlackRock Inc. Added +2,038+2.0k
Kingsview Wealth Management, LLC Added +500+500

Biggest sellers

MONEY CONCEPTS CAPITAL CORP Sold out -64,962-65.0k
Virtu Financial LLC Sold out -15,126-15.1k
RNC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC Sold out -12,500-12.5k
UBS Group AG Reduced -4,243-4.2k
WELLS FARGO & COMPANY/MN Reduced -2,811-2.8k
Tower Research Capital LLC (TRC) Reduced -964-964
BNP PARIBAS FINANCIAL MARKETS Reduced -164-164
BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/ Reduced -69-69

Biggest calls

SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LLP Added $66.7k39.0k shares
CITADEL ADVISORS LLC Added $2.9k1.7k shares
CONCOURSE FINANCIAL GROUP SECURITIES, INC. Unchanged $00 shares

Biggest puts

Options at notional value: the value of the shares the contracts control, as filers report them, not what the options cost. Not included in the holders, shares or buying above.

Major shareholders (over 5%)

Anyone who owns more than 5% of a class of the company's shares has to say so: on Schedule 13D if they may try to influence or control the company, on 13G if they're a passive investor, and update it as the stake changes. Each holder's latest filing, from 19 Dec 2024 on; percentages are of the share class, as the holder worked them out.

HolderStakeChangeShares Last filed
Morgan Stephen L. 13G · passive investor new · filed 2025-10-17 6.9% new 2.3m≈ $1.2m 2025-10-17

Insider purchases and sales in Q1 2023

Shares bought or sold by the company's own officers, directors and 10% owners, in the open market or privately, as they reported to the SEC on Form 4 (due within two business days of the trade). Grants, option exercises, shares withheld for tax and gifts aren't included.

Officers and directors buying vs selling

Number of people, by quarter (10% owners not included)

BuyingSelling
101Q2 21: 0 buyingQ2 21: 0 sellingQ3 21: 0 buyingQ3 21: 0 sellingQ3 21Q4 21: 0 buyingQ4 21: 0 sellingQ1 22: 0 buyingQ1 22: 0 sellingQ1 22Q2 22: 0 buyingQ2 22: 0 sellingQ3 22: 0 buyingQ3 22: 0 sellingQ3 22Q4 22: 0 buyingQ4 22: 0 sellingQ1 23: 1 buyingQ1 23: 0 sellingQ1 23
Numbers
QuarterBuyingBoughtSellingSoldSold under a plan
Q2 20210—0——
Q3 20210—0——
Q4 20210—0——
Q1 20220—0——
Q2 20220—0——
Q3 20220—0——
Q4 20220—0——
Q1 20231$14.0k0——
DateInsiderTradeSharesPrice ValueTheir holding
2023-02-09 Daigle Darryl Director Bought 3,500 $2.00 $7.0k3.5k shares +2%
2023-01-25 Daigle Darryl Director · Held in IRA by reporting person's wife Bought 3,500 $2.00 $7.0k3.5k shares +16%

Their holding: how much the trade added to or took from the insider's holding (direct, or the trust or fund named). The same trade is sometimes reported by more than one insider, such as a fund and the director who represents it; totals count it once. A value is left blank where the reported price is far from the market price (usually a typo).

Holders, Q1 2023

#ManagerLocationShares Value% of their portfolioChangeShares change
1 VANGUARD GROUP INC 0.00% of their portfolio Valley Forge, PA 1,202,6591.2m $2.1m $2.1m 0.00% Unchanged
2 WR Wealth Planners, LLC 0.70% of their portfolio COLUMBIA, MO 948,038948.0k $1.6m $1.6m 0.70% New
3 BlackRock Inc. 0.00% of their portfolio New York, NY 626,325626.3k $1.1m $1.1m 0.00% Added +2.0k +2,038
4 GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC 0.00% of their portfolio BOSTON, MA 190,823190.8k $326.3k $326.3k 0.00% Unchanged
5 SHUFRO ROSE & CO LLC 0.02% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 149,250149.2k $255.2k $255.2k 0.02% Added +2.5k +2,500
6 MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLC 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 135,337135.3k $231.0k $231.0k 0.00% Added +13.8k +13,753
7 STATE STREET CORP 0.00% of their portfolio BOSTON, MA 105,623105.6k $180.6k $180.6k 0.00% Unchanged
8 NORTHERN TRUST CORP 0.00% of their portfolio CHICAGO, IL 57,45857.5k $98.3k $98.3k 0.00% Added +4.3k +4,276
9 Atria Wealth Solutions, Inc. 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 32,73932.7k $56.0k $56.0k 0.00% Unchanged
10 WELLS FARGO & COMPANY/MN 0.00% of their portfolio SAN FRANCISCO, CA 31,69731.7k $54.2k $54.2k 0.00% Reduced -2.8k -2,811
11 Benedetti & Gucer, Inc. 0.03% of their portfolio ATLANTA, GA 31,16831.2k $53.0k $53.0k 0.03% New
12 Kingsview Wealth Management, LLC 0.00% of their portfolio GRANTS PASS, OR 29,00129.0k $49.6k $49.6k 0.00% Added +500 +500
13 Schonfeld Strategic Advisors LLC 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 24,20024.2k $41.4k $41.4k 0.00% Unchanged
14 MORGAN STANLEY 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 21,96922.0k $37.6k $37.6k 0.00% Added +10.0k +10,000
15 CHARLES SCHWAB INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC 0.00% of their portfolio SAN FRANCISCO, CA 21,87021.9k $37.4k $37.4k 0.00% Unchanged
16 Bank of New York Mellon Corp 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 18,39318.4k $31.5k $31.5k 0.00% Unchanged
17 Next Level Private LLC 0.02% of their portfolio HARRISON, NY 16,00016.0k $27.4k $27.4k 0.02% Unchanged
18 Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. 0.00% of their portfolio ST. PETERSBURG, FL 15,93515.9k $27.2k $27.2k 0.00% Unchanged
19 Cambridge Investment Research Advisors, Inc. 0.00% of their portfolio FAIRFIELD, IA 15,16615.2k $26.0k $26.0k 0.00% Unchanged
20 DUDLEY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC 0.02% of their portfolio Middleburg, VA 15,10015.1k $25.8k $25.8k 0.02% Unchanged
21 MERCER GLOBAL ADVISORS INC /ADV 0.00% of their portfolio DENVER, CO 14,00014.0k $24.0k $24.0k 0.00% Unchanged
22 ENVESTNET ASSET MANAGEMENT INC 0.00% of their portfolio Berwyn, PA 14,00014.0k $23.9k $23.9k 0.00% Unchanged
23 CITADEL ADVISORS LLC 0.00% of their portfolio MIAMI, FL 12,14112.1k $20.8k $20.8k 0.00% Added +2.8k +2,781
24 HB Wealth Management, LLC 0.00% of their portfolio Atlanta, GA 10,00010.0k $17.1k $17.1k 0.00% Unchanged
25 Tower Research Capital LLC (TRC) 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 6,6666.7k $11.0k $11.0k 0.00% Reduced -964 -964
26 CARY STREET PARTNERS INVESTMENT ADVISORY LLC 0.00% of their portfolio RICHMOND, VA 4,0004.0k $6.8k $6.8k 0.00% Unchanged
27 JPMORGAN CHASE & CO 0.00% of their portfolio NEW YORK, NY 1,0431.0k $2.0k $2.0k 0.00% Unchanged
28 OSAIC HOLDINGS, INC. 0.00% of their portfolio SCOTTSDALE, AZ 1,0001.0k $1.7k $1.7k 0.00% Unchanged
29 UBS Group AG 0.00% of their portfolio ZURICH, V8 933933 $1.6k $1.6k 0.00% Reduced -4.2k -4,243
30 BNP PARIBAS FINANCIAL MARKETS 0.00% of their portfolio PARIS, I0 801801 $1.4k $1.4k 0.00% Reduced -164 -164
31 BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/ 0.00% of their portfolio CHARLOTTE, NC 200200 $342 $342 0.00% Reduced -69 -69
32 CONCOURSE FINANCIAL GROUP SECURITIES, INC. 0.00% of their portfolio BIRMINGHAM, AL 00 $0 $0 0.00% Unchanged